What do they all have in common? They all come from the same plant Camellia sinensis.
What else? Not much! Each type of tea is subject to a variety of processes (sometimes more oxidation, sometimes less, sometimes ground to a powder), resulting in wildly different flavors and effects.
Max Falkowitz, a super famous tea writer, and I worked on isolating the major distinctions between each type of tea, including \ famous variations and their stories.